However, even when species are fairly easy to observe and identify, detection is often imperfect. Imperfect detection is a frequent sampling problem when animals are rare, populations are small, or individuals are difficult to observe. Occupancy modeling is a logistic regression-based framework that estimates the probability of a species occupying sampled sites (occupancy) while accounting for the probability of detecting the species using the given sampling methods (detectability). Identifying such critical habitats often relies on occupancy modeling, which has become a common tool to monitor wildlife populations when insufficient captures prevent the use of mark-recapture analysis or when individual identification is impossible. Rapid and global environmental change increases the need to identify and conserve critical habitats for at-risk and endangered species. Increasing detection probability of rare components of a community can improve the results and understanding of future studies. Our results show that simple changes to standard small-mammal trapping methods can dramatically increase the detectability of rare and elusive small mammals. We were also able to demonstrate that by deploying a combination of different traps and baits it is possible to overcome the potential effect of non-target species (e.g., deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus) on the detection probability of pocket mice. Increasing grid size, while maintaining a similar trapping effort, resulted in higher detection probability, although our analyses showed that effective grids can be about three-quarters of the size we use to achieve similar results. We found that bait and trap type selection varied significantly by species, with pocket mice showing strongest selection for Havahart traps baited with bird seed. Regardless of species, trap success was higher for Havaharts. We also assessed the effect of captures of non-target species on detection probability of pocket mice. We used three trap and bait types and trapped an area 4.4 times larger than the standard grid. Our goal was to create a new small mammal trapping protocol that improved detection of rare species, such as the olive-backed pocket mouse ( Perognathus fasciatus). Manufacturer: Bed Bug Central (Mfg.Improving detection probabilities for rare species is critical when assessing presence or habitat associations.Made with cardboard to attract bed bugs.Discreet treatment on bed bug and roach infestations.Lures (such as the SenSci ActivCR Bed Bug Lure or Roach Attractant) must be purchased separately. *Note: Sensci Pyramid Pitfall Traps don't include lures. The SenSci Pyramid can be used with the SenSci Activ bed bug lure or any applicable roach lure. Plus, adding a bed bug or roach lure will boost performance even further. For bed bug control, we recommend placing them within five feet of the bed that has bed bugs. We recommend placing in corners, baseboards, and under sinks for roach control. This cardboard device with its textured surface is designed to attract and trap bed bugs or roaches, making extermination easy and affordable. For best use, place it in traditional sleeping and resting areas, along baseboards and in corners, or under kitchen sinks. This innovative device can be used in various ways to treat bed bugs, cockroaches, and more. The SenSci Pyramid offers an innovative design that merges the effectiveness of a pitfall trap with the affordability of a sticky trap, making it easy to get rid of bed bugs and roaches.
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